What is Parental Responsibility?

What is parental responsibility exactly? In legal terms this is “all the rights, duties and powers which a parent has in relation to a child and their property”. In other words the responsibility to make decisions on behalf of a child, for example which school they attend, giving consent for operations and medication, the issue of passports etc. In fact the decisions which parents make every day when bringing up a child. But not everyone has the legal right to make the decisions.

Who has parental responsibility (PR)?

The mother will always have PR. This will only be removed if the child is adopted. The father will automatically have PR if:

• He is married to the mother or...
• ...marries the mother after the child’s birth or
• He is registered on the birth certificate and that registration took place after 1 December 2003

How can a father obtain parental responsibility?

PR can be obtained in a number of ways:

1. By entering into a PR agreement with the child’s mother. This must be a formal agreement recorded on a special form. The parents must sign the form at the same time and this must be witnessed by a magistrate, justices’ clerk or a county court officer. The parents must produce proof of identity. The agreement must be registered at Court. There is no fee for this.
2. By applying to the County Court or Family Proceedings Court for a PR order
3. By the father obtaining a Residence Order (eg a court orders that the child lives with him) then at the same time the court will make a PR order.
4. By a Guardian: When a mother dies, if she has appointed guardians in her will, they will take over PR.

Where a father obtains PR in these ways then on production of a valid PR agreement/order he can register himself on the birth certificate without the consent of the mother.

Can anyone else obtain parental responsibility?

A range of other people may acquire PR in various ways, such: step-parents, civil partners, grandparents, local authority, appointed guardians... There is no limit on the number of people who can have PR at the same time and nobody loses it just because another person gains it.

Can parental responsibility be terminated?

As children grow older and gain sufficient understanding they will be able to make their own decisions and so the parents’ responsibility for their lives will decrease. Although PR ceases altogether once a child reaches 18 there are still some areas where parents may retain financial responsibility, eg university grants for young people over 18 are based on parental income with parental contributions assessed:

• PR is lost if a child is adopted. This is the only way mothers can lose PR.
• Fathers who have PR due to marriage to the mother do not lose PR on separation or divorce.
• PR obtained by fathers through agreement or court order can only be terminated by a court order.
• PR obtained by people other than the father can be terminated by the court.

Useful contacts

• HM Court Service - Court Service for information and guidance.
• Your local County Court or Magistrates Court – details can be obtained from her Majesty's Court website as above.

This information was prepared by students working in the education at the York Centre of the College of Law. Any queries may be forwarded to YKAdvice@lawcol.co.uk

The information and law in this leaflet is correct at September 2008. It should not be taken as a substitute for obtaining legal advice.

Family Law Advice can be found at OnlyMums and Childrens Legal Centre.